沃爾瑪(WMT)整合全球采購業(yè)務與利豐(LI&FUNG)
編輯:中國驗廠網(wǎng) 來源:中國驗廠網(wǎng) 日期: 2010-11-29 09:00:56
全球第一大零售商沃爾瑪(Walmart)宣布與香港采購公司利豐(Li & Fung)建立戰(zhàn)略合作關系,向直接控制自有品牌產(chǎn)品每年1000億美元的采購邁出了第一步。
沃爾瑪還任命埃德•科沃杰斯基(Ed Kolodzieski)負責全球采購計劃�?莆纸芩够壳笆俏譅柆斊煜绿幘称D難的日本子公司西友(Seiyu)的負責人。這項任命提高了合作項目的受關注程度,沃爾瑪表示這一嘗試最終或能為其每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億美元。
作為合作戰(zhàn)略的一部分,沃爾瑪將把部分現(xiàn)有采購業(yè)務與利豐新成立的一個子公司合并。利豐在中國及世界各地的工廠與歐美零售商及品牌之間扮演著中間人的角色。
但隨著沃爾瑪與制造商建立更為直接的關系,它有權在2016年獲得子公司的控制權――事實上沃爾瑪是與利豐簽署了轉(zhuǎn)包合約,利豐承包創(chuàng)建的子公司最終會成為沃爾瑪自有全球采購業(yè)務的一部分。
與之形成對比的是,美國其它零售商及品牌為了削減成本而放棄了采購業(yè)務直接控制權。服裝公司麗詩加邦(Liz Claiborne)是上世紀90年代最早轉(zhuǎn)向全球制造商的美國品牌公司之一,去年該公司與利豐簽署了一項協(xié)議,由后者全權負責其全球采購業(yè)務。
利豐已經(jīng)在與沃爾瑪合作,但該公司表示,新的子公司W(wǎng)SG將提高它在沃爾瑪業(yè)務中所占份額,而且在運營的第一年,就能形成為美國零售巨頭沃爾瑪采購價值高達20億美元的產(chǎn)品的能力。
利豐總裁樂裕民(Bruce Rockowitz)表示:“沃爾瑪如此巨大,能夠為利豐帶來極大的價值�!彼a充道,WSG最初會雇用“數(shù)百名”員工。“WSG將是一個迷你的利豐。”
沃爾瑪在中國的業(yè)務主要分為兩個部分,一是零售體系,即大賣場;另一個是采購體系,也就是沃爾瑪?shù)摹叭虿赊k”。但現(xiàn)如今,大賣場發(fā)展得紅紅火火,全球采辦卻成了“燙手的山芋”。日前,香港利豐與美國沃爾瑪簽訂了一系列采購安排協(xié)議,成為其采購代理。沃爾瑪將采購業(yè)務委托給第三方來經(jīng)營,在凸顯利豐作為全球采購商實力的同時,也在向市場表明,在現(xiàn)代流通體系構建中,代理商的價值。
盡管香港利豐集團的成功已是不爭的事實,但此次與沃爾瑪?shù)臓渴郑是讓其在業(yè)界又“風光”了一把。
日前,香港利豐有限公司(HK.0494)發(fā)布公告稱,已與美國沃爾瑪簽訂了一系列采購安排協(xié)議,成為其采購代理。所有協(xié)議均為非排他性協(xié)議,不包括對額度或運輸?shù)囊?guī)定,但利豐預期首個營運財年采購貨品將達20億美元。
新政受益者
據(jù)悉,沃爾瑪此前全球采購的主力供應商是美國進口商,而全球采辦的設立主要是試圖讓海外沃爾瑪商店的買手能夠逐漸越過美國進口商,直接向中國本土供應商下訂單采購。但由于種種原因,直到目前沃爾瑪總部買手仍然通過美國進口商直接下單給工廠,進口商與工廠也都沒有變,相反還多了一個全球采辦在中間接洽,徒增運營費用。
為了整合采購供應鏈效益,控制成本,加大直采力度,沃爾瑪從2007年便開始對全球采購體系進行變陣了。同年10月,沃爾瑪全球采辦裁員250人;2008年7月,沃爾瑪全球采購質(zhì)檢工作外包,導致國內(nèi)4個辦事處的180名員工被裁。隨后,沃爾瑪還關閉了新加坡、菲律賓、斯里蘭卡、土耳其的采購部門。
直到去年10月份,沃爾瑪公司才宣布以新成立的4個全球采購中心(GMCs)為核心的統(tǒng)一的全球采購架構。此外,沃爾瑪也正轉(zhuǎn)向在全球直接采購新鮮果蔬,而不通過供應商�!靶鲁闪⒌娜虿少徶行氖俏譅柆敼拘碌牟少彂�(zhàn)略中最大、最重要的組成部分�!�
據(jù)萊特透露,沃爾瑪全球采購總戰(zhàn)略的核心將是不斷提高沃爾瑪公司自有品牌的直接采購。現(xiàn)在,沃爾瑪公司自有品牌年采購額超過1000億美元,在這些商品中,直接從制造商采購的比例不到五分之一。如果轉(zhuǎn)向直接采購,5年內(nèi)在整條供應鏈上可節(jié)省5%~15%的成本。
值得注意的是,在新政最核心的板塊里,香港利豐集團居然扮演了非常重要的角色,甚至也間接成了新政的受益者。據(jù)利豐公司內(nèi)部人士透露:“根據(jù)協(xié)議,利豐代理采購的并不僅僅只是中國的商品,也不是單一的某一類商品,而是為全世界的沃爾瑪商店采購所需要的產(chǎn)品�!�
利豐集團總裁樂裕民也表示:“此項目屬于‘營業(yè)額大、毛利率較低’的交易,但我們看中該采購協(xié)議年營業(yè)額的持續(xù)增長�!�
重在供應鏈
誠然,利豐在去年市況暗淡的情況下業(yè)務仍獲得20%的增長,達到141.95億美元。而作為香港最大的進出口集團,該集團的業(yè)務網(wǎng)絡已擴展至超過80個辦事處,分布全球40多個經(jīng)濟體。
受其獲沃爾瑪采購代理協(xié)議刺激,自該公告發(fā)布第二天,利豐 (00494-HK)便逆市漲8.51%。
沃爾瑪新政,為什么利豐就能分羹?對此,沃爾瑪方面稱,與利豐合作,可以彌補沃爾瑪全球采購戰(zhàn)略中的薄弱環(huán)節(jié),通過利豐的專業(yè)水平和強勁資源,幫助沃爾瑪在商品采購價格上更具競爭力,同時還會提升沃爾瑪自有產(chǎn)品設計,發(fā)展沃爾瑪綜合采購能力。
據(jù)中國商報記者了解,除沃爾瑪外,另一美國連鎖超市Target也是利豐的客戶。
著名市場運行調(diào)控專家、北京工商大學教授洪濤甚至認為,利豐簽約沃爾瑪意義非常重大。洪濤說,沃爾瑪是全球最大的跨國零售商,選擇利豐集團作為其采購商,是強強聯(lián)合的典范,也充分顯示了沃爾瑪現(xiàn)代化的經(jīng)營理念,將采購業(yè)務委托給第三方來經(jīng)營,能夠充分發(fā)揮沃爾瑪?shù)暮诵母偁幜�,充分利用世界最�?yōu)秀的采購商資源,形成最強的經(jīng)濟實力。
洪濤告訴記者,利豐最大的優(yōu)勢便在于它遍布全球的、高效分工與合作的供應鏈管理。始終堅持以顧客為中心,以市場需求為原動力;專注于核心業(yè)務,建立核心競爭力;與各企業(yè)緊密合作,共擔風險,共享利益;講求供應鏈的信息化運作;講究系統(tǒng)整體效率的提升;實現(xiàn)按需生產(chǎn),以減少存貨積壓的風險;盡量降低在采購、庫存、運輸和環(huán)節(jié)之間的成本。
洪濤舉例解釋說,當利豐獲得來自歐洲一個零售商的1萬件成衣訂單,它們則可能從韓國買紗并運往臺灣進行紡織和染色;然后在中國內(nèi)地的工廠訂購拉鏈,之后出于配額和工人狀況考慮選擇在泰國生產(chǎn)。這樣,我們便能有效地為客戶打造一條價值鏈,盡可能滿足該客戶的需求。
總經(jīng)銷總代理模式
沃爾瑪與利豐的合作,再次證明了利豐獨特模式的魅力。去年10月份,商務部也出臺了《關于進一步完善日用工業(yè)品流通體系的意見》,但具體如何完善,則仍值得探討。
早在《意見》出臺前5、6個月,商務部便多次組織“工業(yè)品流通體系構建座談會”,商務部副部長姜增偉多次領銜參與并指出,日用工業(yè)品目前已初步形成了“經(jīng)濟成分多元、流通渠道多種、經(jīng)營方式多樣、流通環(huán)節(jié)減少”的流通格局,但真正具有較強競爭力的流通企業(yè)較少,連接生產(chǎn)與銷售的功能薄弱;區(qū)域間產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構失衡,應對價格波動與調(diào)節(jié)供求能力不足;批發(fā)體系重建進度較慢等。
商務部商貿(mào)服務業(yè)司王曉川副司長也認為,在中國的流通產(chǎn)業(yè)中,缺少了一個重要的環(huán)節(jié),那就是進口商這個角色。國外的進口商都起到了兩個作用:對本國市場的評價和對付款的風險分擔,而我國目前的流通產(chǎn)業(yè)當中這樣的角色相當缺乏,因此導致了上游企業(yè)和下游企業(yè)之間相互斷鏈,中間缺乏一個傳遞者。
“總經(jīng)銷總代理是發(fā)達國家工商企業(yè)普遍采用的營銷方式,這是新時期完善我國工業(yè)品流通體系的一項重要舉措”。姜增偉提出,從零售企業(yè)的角度看,要大力推行總部采購,對條件成熟的供應商,在城市中心采用集中采購、統(tǒng)一結(jié)算、統(tǒng)一商務條件的采購方式,逐步形成“總部對總部”的貨源采購模式;尋求自營模式突破口,不斷加大自營比重;加強對品牌的經(jīng)營能力等。
而這剛好與利豐模式極其吻合。難怪洪濤認為,隨著計算機和網(wǎng)絡技術的發(fā)展,我國應加快扶持一批“利豐模式”的工業(yè)品集成商,形成在全球供應鏈中具有關鍵性作用的大型企業(yè)集團,而不是重新建設傳統(tǒng)的大型批發(fā)企業(yè),也不是建設傳統(tǒng)的批發(fā)市場�,F(xiàn)代大型批發(fā)企業(yè)成為在全球供應鏈上的大型集成商,并起著關鍵性的作用,從而形成具有較大的規(guī)模,具有較強的運營全球供應鏈的核心競爭力。
《意見》也指出,以批發(fā)企業(yè)、第三方物流企業(yè)和大型零售企業(yè)為基礎,培育一批有總經(jīng)銷和總代理能力的龍頭企業(yè),推動零售企業(yè)提高自營比例,增強應急調(diào)控和市場保障能力。只是國內(nèi)很多工業(yè)品大多實行多級地區(qū)分銷代理制,一旦確立,均是具有排他性的。一個地區(qū)的統(tǒng)一購進勉強還可以實現(xiàn),跨地區(qū)的采購就很難實現(xiàn)了。如何培育,還有待相關政策的出臺和市場的培育。我們也將拭目以待。
LI FUNG undertaked WAL-MART GP
LiFung Tower, 888 Cheung Sha Wan Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong. Tel: (852) 2300 2300 Fax: (852) 2300 2000
www.lifung.com
Member of Li & Fung Group
Dear colleagues,
I am pleased to announce a new global sourcing agreement with Walmart.
Over the years, Li & Fung has been very fortunate in developing a strong sourcing
relationship with Walmart, primarily through our LFUSA wholesale business.
Under this new agreement, we have entered into a new direct sourcing
relationship, in addition to our current wholesale business with Walmart.
The sourcing agreement is a long-term strategic partnership with Walmart USA,
Walmart International and Sam’s Club that we think will very quickly grow into a
multi-billion dollar business relationship, US$2 billion of which we expect within the
first 12 months. The agreement covers all product categories and should mirror
Walmart’s product offering of 80% hardgoods and 20% apparel. We believe that
this will be a great opportunity for both Li & Fung and for the factories from whom
we source today.
Global sourcing for Walmart will be serviced by teams within a newly created
dedicated stream led by Dow Famulak and Emily Mak, both based in Hong Kong.
The creation of the new stream will include personnel from Walmart’s existing
global procurement organization but will also create an opportunity internally for
many of our people.
Spencer Fung will relocate to London and assume the role of CEO of LF Europe.
William Fung and Marc Compagnon will oversee LF Three teams and accounts for
the remainder of this year as we are still in the planning stages of the next threeyear
plan.
We will begin to work on many of the details involved and I am confident that we
will have a long and successful relationship with Walmart. I would like to take this
opportunity to congratulate Dow, Emily and Spencer on their new roles and thank
you all in advance for your support.
Kind regards,
Bruce Rockowitz
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Media Contacts:
Intl. media: Kevin Gardner
+1-479-273-4314
In China: Christina Lee
+86-10-5904-7217
Investors: Carol Schumacher
+1-479-277-1498
Walmart Leverages Global Scale to Lower Costs of Goods,
Accelerate Speed to Market, Improve Quality of Products
Takes new approach to global sourcing, names Kolodzieski leader
Forms strategic relationship with global sourcing leader Li & Fung
BENTONVILLE, Ark., Jan. 28, 2010 –Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (NYSE: WMT) announced today a number of related events that position the company to leverage its global scale to reduce costs of goods,
accelerate speed to market, and improve the quality of products.
Walmart’s new global sourcing strategy involves the creation of Global Merchandising Centers, a change in leadership and structure,
and a strategic alliance with Li & Fung, a global sourcing organization.
Today’s announcements, according to Walmart vice chairman Eduardo Castro-Wright, are “important elements in the company’s strategy to deliver even greater value to its customers and shareholders.”
Walmart first announced a consolidated global sourcing structure centered around new Global Merchandising Centers (GMCs)
at its annual meeting for the investment community in October. This new structure is expected to leverage the company’s global scale in both general merchandise categories and global food sourcing.
“The newly-established Global Merchandising Centers represent the largest and most important element of our new sourcing strategy,”
Castro-Wright said. “These centers will create alignment between sourcing and merchandising and drive efficiencies across various merchandise categories.”
The core of the company’s overall global sourcing strategy will be to continue increasing direct sourcing for the company’s private brands. Today, private brand merchandise represents more than $100 billion in purchasing annually.
“Our new strategy and structure should drive significant savings across the supply chain," Castro-Wright said.
Ed Kolodzieski, currently president and CEO of Walmart Japan Holdings G.K. and Seiyu, has been promoted to executive vice president and will lead Walmart’s Global Sourcing. Kolodzieski will report to Castro-Wright.
As part of this new strategy, Walmart also finalized a series of agreements with Li & Fung. The agreements are non-exclusive and do not include volume or shipment commitments. The strategic alliance between the two companies will allow Walmart to realize
the benefits of consolidating a portion of its sourcing portfolio. Li & Fung, which is forming a new company to manage the Walmart account,
is expected to build capacity that would enable it to act as a buying agent for goods valued around US$2 billion within the first year.
“In sum, we are redefining how we source products that are imported into Walmart retail markets around the globe,” Castro-Wright said. “By realigning our resources, leveraging our scale, and restructuring our relationship with suppliers,
we will enable our businesses around the world to offer even more competitive pricing on merchandise and to
provide our customers a clear and compelling assortment of better quality products at lower prices.”
###
About Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (NYSE: WMT), or “Walmart,” serves customers and members more than 200 million times per week at
more than 8,000 retail units under 53 different banners in 15 countries. With fiscal year 2009 sales of $401 billion,
Walmart employs more than 2.1 million associates worldwide. A leader in sustainability, corporate philanthropy and employment opportunity,
Walmart ranked first among retailers in Fortune Magazine’s 2009 Most Admired Companies survey. Additional information about Walmart can be found by visiting
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